Electric circuit.



M. H. LOUGHRIDGE.

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT. APPLICATION FILED JULY 17. ms.

Patented oat. 9,1917,

MATTHEW H LOUGHRIDGE, OF BOGOTA, NEW JERSEY.

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 9, 191?.

Application filed my 17, 1916. Serial no. 109,652.

To all whom it mail concern:

Be it known that I, MATTHEW H. LOUZGH moon, naturalized, a citizen of the .Umted States, and a resident of Bogota, co-untyot Bergen, and State of New Jersey, have 1nvented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Circuits, of which the following as a specification.

This invention relates to electric circuits and more particularly to a compound arrangement of circuits in which character1stics may be introduced into the conductors of said circuit at various points to vary the operation of'an electric translating device'in said circuit.

The objects of this invention are to vary the operation of an electric translating device by changing certain characteristics in one or both conductors of the circuit 0on trolling said translating device, also to vary its operation by changing the characteristlcs in said conductors at different points, also to prevent falseoperation of a remote controlled device from foreign current. Other objects of this invention will appear in the fOllOWing specification.

I will now describe the embodlment of my invention illustrated in the accompanying drawing, and will thereafter point out my invention in claims.

This drawing shows a variety of applications of my invention, any or all of which may be used incombination or each may be used separately.

The present invention is applied to a cir-' cult arrangement having an auxiliary or superposed circuit which normallyremains dccnergized or inactive when the currents in each conductor of the first circuit are balanced or bear a fixed relation to each other, and when these conditions are not established, the superposed circuit becomes effective to vary the effects obtained from the other circuit.

In the drawings I have shown four dis tinct arrangements of circuits at A, B, C and D, each of which utilizes my invention and are herein referred to as application A, application B, application C and application 1) respectively.

I have illustrated my invention in connection with the operation of a crossover between two tracks to insure safety and precision in circuits for this purpose. This, however, is only a matter of convenience, as the principle of'my invention may be applied to electric circuits for whatsoever. v

' Referring to Figure 1, the crossover a t, between tracks c-ci, is operated by power any purpose controlled by lever 90; a movement of the lever requiring a corresponding movement of the'crossover at both ends. Application B, shows the circuits controlling the mechanlsm for operating the crossover and application A, shows the circuits operating an electric lock which restricts the movement of said lever until the ends of the crossover have first completed their movement; Application is a development from application A, in which a relay controlling a signaling device responds to the operation of both ends of they crossover and to the movement of the controlling lever and, ap-' plication D, is a modification in which corre sponding results may be obtained by controlling the circuit on one of its con trolling wires instead of both as in the other applications. Each of these circuits also incorporates a principle whereby a false operation of the controlled apparatus cannot be obtained from current from any foreign source. t

In the illustration, 51 and 52 are the mains of a power supply system to which transformer 53 is connected, feeding transmission mains Stand 55 to which the submains 56 and 57 are connected and to these wires the primary of transformers 58 and 59 are connected as shown.

The main circuit operating magnet 85,

application A, may be tracedfrom the sec ondary of transformer 58, Wire 70, resistance 81, switch 210, wire 71, resistance 80, switch 211, wire 72 to magnet 85 and return by wire 76, switch 211, resistance 81, wire 75, switch 210, resistance and wire .74 to transformer, thus energizing this'magnet; It

will be seen that an auxiliary or superposed circuit is formed from a central point of transformer 58 which connects to wire 60, and by wires 55, 62 and 65 connects to safety magnet 86,the other side of this magnet connecting by wire 7 S to an intermediate point in the winding of magnet 85, through which it makes connection to wires 72 and 7 6 and back to 'the outer terminals of the transformer. Push buttons 18 may be. introduced in wires 72 and 76 to maintainmagnet normally deenergized as shown. The resistance coils indicated by the reference character '80 are similar, and

those indicated by the character 81 are similar, but the former have a greater resistance value than the latter; these are referred as in .-r resistances, while the coils 81 are referred to as minor resistances.

When the conditions are such that the potential at the middle connection oi the transformer to wire 60 is equal to the potential of the main circuit where wire 78 con nects to magnet 85, there can be no flow of current between these points and, consequently, magnet 86 is not energized. On the other hand, if the potentials at these points are not equal there will be a flow of current in the auxiliary circuit to energize magnet 86. This may happen when, for instance, there is an unequal flow of current in each side of the main circuit operating magnet 85 and which may arise from a difference in the resistance or reactance in each side of this circuit, or a difference in potential in each side of the transformer 58, that is, when the connection to wire '60 is not made to a central point in the transformer; or it may arise when current leaks from or to either side of the main circuit from or to another circuit such as a cross 1 between wires 7 5 and 1'? 1.

The action of this unbalancing may be traced as follows :1 issum'e that the current wire 75 1s :greaterthan in wire 71, this current traverses the circuit to magnet 85 and to wire 78 where it divldes 1n proportiontc the resistance of the various circuits,

thecxcess flows through magnet 86, wire and wire 62 to wire 55 where it finds return to source of energy. Corresponding conditions are obtained with an excess of current in wire 71 ove'r75, the difference in current in every case finding a return to wire 55 through magnet 86. Wire 55, it will be noted forms one side of a transmission system and also forms the neutral conductor for the three wire circuit operating magnets 85 anl 86. This wire is, in fact, the equivalent of a common or ground to both 01"" these circuits and may be grounded.

The end of the crossover a, by the mechanical connection represented by the dotted line 202 cper tcs tic douole pole switches 211 and 21 single pole switch 211 and the end 6, by connection 203 operates switches 211, 211 and 211". Also, lever 90, through crank 201 and connection 2 opcrates double pole switches 250 and 251, these sw 'ches changing position with a corresponding change of position of the lever.

The armature 88 swings in the magnetic yoke 87 between magnets 85 and S6 and to its outer end is connected the vertical rod 89 designed to engage a slot in lever 90 when the armature is down as shown and to release this slot when the armature is up or raised by magnetSsS, thus forming an electric lock on the lever restricting its increased and the other side decre a minor resistance 81 at switch 210 and a major resistance at switch 211, while in the lower wire there is a major resistance at switch 210 and a minor resistance at switch 211, the sum of these resistances in each side of the main circuit therefore are equal so that the current in each side will be balanced and there will be no current in magnet 86 and magnet will release the lock on lever 90. N ow suppose that one end of the crossover moves in response to the lever and the other end (say end Z2) fails to move, then there will be in the upper wire a majorjresistance at both switches 210 and 211, while in the lower wire there will be a minor resistance at both these switches, that is, the resistance in one side of'the circuit the excess'curre'nt due to tl. S Cllil Qfl-JDCQ in resistance in the lower wire finding: a circuit through magnet 86 and wires 65, 62, 55 and 60 to the center of transformer 58. The magnetic circuit of magnet '86 is designed to have a greater at raction for arma ture '88 than magnet 85, in which gravity also assists so that current in magnet 85 cannot raise the armature when magnet 86 is energized.

The effect of a leakage from an adjacent circuit such as 7 can betraced from bat tery 102, wire 155, switch 250, wire 171, cross connection .y wire 75, resistance '81, wire 75, 121131191 85, wire 78, st n" s G2 and to other side or ry 30), A corresponding circuit will be est blished by any other leakage on the main circuit in which the source of energy connects to the common or ground wire 55.

In application B, the crossover mechanism is'opera'ted by motor from batteries 101102. The mechanism maybe used in duplicate at both ends or one mechanism may operate both ends. ihc operating circuits can be traced from battery mains 15 1 and to pclechanging switch 250 operated. by lever 90, wires 171, 17 5 and connections 171175 to safety relay 186. This relayis wound with opposing coils and connections from these coils are continued to pclarized operating relay as shown, a central point in the windingof this relay con necting to wire 61 and to a central point between batteries 101 and 102 by wires 60, 55,

62 and 63. The currents in the safety magnet, when they are equal, neutralize each other so that its armature is not attracted and the polarized armature 124-125 of op erating relay 185 responds to the direction of the current in wires 171 and 175 as determined by the position of the polechanging switch 250.

- The motor runs in both directions to move the switch points in either direction and opens its own circuit when the movement is completed. Its circuit may be traced from wire 117, armature contact 125, wire 118, safetymagnet contact 123, wire 120, motor armature 110, wire 121, safety magnet contact 122, wire 119, polarized contact 124, wire 116, cut-out switch 112, wire 114, metor field 111, and wire 113 to wire 171. When the motor completes the movement the cut-out switch 112 is changed to the position shown establishing the motor circuit for a movement in the opposite direction when the polarized contacts 124=and 125 change position; a change which also 'reverses the direction of the current in the armature with relation to its field. novel features in this arrangement consist in the use of the safety magnet 186 to guard against false operation as explained in connection with application A, also its operation in combination with the other circuits.

Application C differs from application A the operating magnet 85 and in the fact that the main circuit is controlled at three points.

The winding of the polyphase relay connected to the main circuit by wires 7 31-and 77 is indicated by the coil 94 and the coil 97 which is shown in quadrature phase relation is connected to the local circuit. The main circuit is similar to that in application A, analogous reference characters being used for similar parts but distinguished by the exponent At switch 211, however the resistance coils 81 are omitted and these coils are inserted at switch 251 operated by the lever. In the latter case however, the movement of the lever merely shunts one or the other of these resistances as for instance the resistance 81 is shunted in the upper wire as shown but is included in the lower wire. From this arrangement it will be noted that the sum of the resistances in each wire is, under normal conditions, equal and that the corresponding movement of switch 251 balances the circuit established by switches 210' and 211.

A middle point of coil 94 connects by wire 78 to safety magnet 95 and by wire 64 and 62 to common wire 55. An unequal flow of current in the main circuit energizes safety magnet 95 which attracts armature 48 open ing the circuit of the local phase 97 on wire 98. This phase is supplied from the mains 5152 by wires 98 and 99. As shown, the

The

relay 139 to energize. in the use of a polyphase relay in place of 'n'iain circuit can be energized,

The main circuit as shown can be traced as follows :battery wire154,-resist'ance 180, wire 131, switch210, wire 132, switch 211, wire 133, wire, 134, relay contact 135, wire 137, relay '138,wire 140, resistance 183 to battery wire 155. The safety relay 139 is connected in' 'this circuit between'wire 140 and 65' and connects tothe middle ofthe battery by'wires 62 and 63. Relay 139-remains deenergized when there is an equal drop of potential from each battery 10l 102 in the main circuit to wire 140, that is: assuming the voltage of the batteries is equal,

when the resistance 183 is equal to'the com' bined resistance of relay 138 and resistance 180. Should a cross 00 develop between wires 132 and 154 this cross will shunt the resistance 180 and unbalance the circuit causing The signal device 231 is controlled by cir cuit from battery wire 154, relay contact 226,

wire'222, relay contact 225, wire 223 and wire 155 to battery. This device is thus energized when relay 138 is energized and relay 139 deenergized. The signaling device 7 3 232 is controlled by battery from wire 154, relay contact 226, wire 222, front contact 225 of relay 139,'wire 224 and wire 155 to bat tery. This device therefore responds to a condition of unbalancing with relay 138 energized, such for instance, as would occur with switch 210 in either extreme position and switch 211; moved halfway to include resistance 181 thus securing the desired unbalancing, that is to say, relay 139 responds to switch 211 when switch 210 has established a circuit. I

Normally relay 139 is deenergized as shown but when relay 138 is deenergized this relayisenergized due'to the unbalancing of the'main'circuit, this condition remains until the main circuit is reestablished. The circuit of relay 138 when de'e'nergized is opened at contact 135 and cannot be established until relay 139 is energized which insures that this relay isalways operative. Thus the main circuit from wire134 is closed at 136, connecting to wire 137 and relay 138. In wire 137 a resistance 182 is inserted causing an unbalancing of the main circuit and thus maintaining relay 139 energizeduntil relay contact shunts resistance 182 out of circuit and relay 139 is thereby dcenergized.

Attention is called to the fact that resistance 180 is at one extreme end of the circuit and resistance 183 at the battery end, any leakage intervening between these points therefore will cause unbalancing.

It should be noted in connection with application C that the polyphase relay in the main circuit responds only to alternating current whereas relay in the auxiliary circuit responds to current of any characteristic; this also applies to relay 186, application B. It is thus possible to make the relays in the main circuit selectively responsive to a current of a particular characteristic and make the safety relay responsive to current from any particular source,

A consideration of this invention will show that instead of providing a remote controlled apparatus responsive to a wide operating margin, it is responsive only to a predetermined operating effect.

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. In combination, a main circuit including a source of energy, a plurality of resistances and an electric translating device, an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and another conductor and including an electric translating device, part of said resistances disposed in said main circuit close to said source of energy and part dis posed close to said translating device, said resistances bearing a definite relation to each other in said circuit.

2. In combination, a main circuit including a source of energy, resistance coils, an electric translating device, and two conductors between said source of energy and said translating device, an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and another conductor and including an electric translating device, said resistance coils being disposed in each conductor of said main circuit and of different values and so arranged that the sum of the resistances in each conductor is equal.

8. In combination, a main circuit including a source of energy, resistance coils and controlling switches, an electric translating device, and two conductors between said source of energy and said translating device, an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and another conductor and including an electric translating device, said switches by their position varying the resistance in said main circuit and when in a certain position relative to each other the sum of the resistances in each conductor of said main circuit is equal 4:. In combination, a railway track, track switches thereon, a lever controlling the operation of said track switches, a main circuit including a source of energy, resistance coils, controlling switches and an electric translating device having an armature, an auxiliary circuit incorporating. said main circuit and another conductor and including an electric translating device having an armature, said controlling switches operated by said track switches and said arinatures affecting the operation of said lever.

5. In combination, an apparatus, a power transmissi on system, a main circuit fed from said transmission system and including an electric translating device having an armature with an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and one conductor of said transmission system and including an electric translating device having an armature, said armature controlling said apparatus.

6. In combination, an apparatus, a power transmission system, a main circuit fed from said transmission system and including resistances, controlling switches and an electric translating device with an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and one conductor of said transmission system and including an electric translating device, said controlling switches varying said resistances by their position and said translating devices controlling said apparatus.

7. In combination, a power transmission system, a transformer connected to said system and feeding a main circuit which in cludes an electric translating device with an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and including an electric translating device, an intermediate point of the secondary winding of said transformer and said latter translating device connecting to one conductor of said transmission system.

8. In combination,- an apparatus, a main circuit including a source of energy, resist ance coils and an electric translating device, an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and another conductor and including an electric translating device,.said circuits controlling said apparatus, means including said auxiliary circuit for varying the effects obtained on' said apparatus by varying the value of the resistance on one side of said main circuit with relation to the resistance of the other side.

9. In combination, an apparatus, a main circuit including a source of energy, resistance coils and an electric translating device, an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and another conductor and including an electric translating device, said circuits controlling said apparatus, means including said auxiliary circuit for varying the effects obtained on said apparatus by varying the Value of said resistance at one point in said main circuit and means for canceling this effect at other points in this circuit.

10. In combination, an apparatus, a main circuit including a source of energy, resistance coils and an electric translating device,

an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and another conductor and includlng an electric translating device said circuits controlling said apparatus, means for varying said control by the presence of current in said auxiliary circuit and by the absence of current in one side of said main circuit.

11. In combination, a plurality of main circuits operated by currents of diflerent characteristics and including electric translating devices, auxiliary circuits each incorporating one of said main circuits and another conductor and including an electric translating device, the translating device in each of said main circuits being selectively responsive to the characteristics of its respective current and the translating'device in said auxiliary circuit being responsive to current of any characteristic; I

12. In combination, an apparatus, a main circuit including a source of energy, resistance coils and an electric translating device, an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and another conductor and including an electric translating device said devices controlling said apparatus, means including said resistances for operating the translating device in said auxiliary circuit by Varying the resistance in said main circuit when it is established.

13. In combination, a railway track, switches thereon, a lever controlling the operation of saidtrack switches, a main circuit including a source of energy, resistance coils, controlling switches and an electric' translating device having an armature; an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and another conductor and including an electric translating device having an armature, said track switches operating said controlling switches and said armatures affecting the operation of said lever, means including said resistance coils for introduc-- said main circuit and another conductor and including an electr1c translating devlce havlng an armature, said track switch operating said controlling switches, and said resistances being so disposed in said circuit, that, according to the position of the track switch, a major. or minor resistance is included in a conductor of said main circuit, said armatures controlling said apparatus.

15'. In combination, an apparatus, a railthereon arranged to operate together, a main circuit including a source of energy, resist-' including a source of energy, major andminor resistances, controlling switches and an electric translating device having an armature, an auxiliary circuit incorporating said main circuit and another conductor and including an electric translating device having an armature, said track switches and said controlling lever each operating a controlling switch, said controlling switches when operated, changing the resistances in said main circuit and said resistances being so disposed in said circuit that when said track switches and lever are in a predetermined position the sum of the resistances in each conductor of said main circuit is equal, said armatures controlling said apparatus.

In witness whereof I have hereunto sub scribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

MATTHEW H. LoUsHRIneE.

WVitnesses:

TILLIE E. LOUGHRIDGE, W. J. ECCLES.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

- Washington, D. 0.

way track, a plurality of track switches I 

